Dominated, Not Excluded: Cryptocurrency and Financial Autonomy in Crisis Contexts
Muhammad Ichsan Fadillah
ORCID: 0009-0000-8595-5006
ichsan.fadillah@up.poznan.pl
Poznań University of Life Sciences
DOI: 10.26366/PTE.ZG.2026.298
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Cytowanie: Fadillah M.I, (2026). Dominated, Not Excluded: Cryptocurrency and Financial Autonomy in Crisis Contexts. Zeszyty Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Ekonomicznego w Zielonej Górze, 24, s. 36-63. DOI: 10.26366/PTE.ZG.2026.298
KODY JEL: G23, O17, P16, F38, D63Why do individuals in crisis contexts adopt volatile cryptocurrencies despite significant risks? This paper argues that cryptocurrency adoption represents a response to financial domination rather than financial exclusion. Drawing on republican political theory, capability approaches, and practice theory, I distinguish domination, where institutions exercise arbitrary power over assets, from exclusion, where individuals lack access entirely. I develop a typology comprising three modes: survival, resistance, and identity. Comparative analysis of Argentina, Lebanon, China, India, the United States, and Germany demonstrates that adopters are typically over-banked rather than unbanked, exiting dominating institutions rather than seeking inclusion.
Key words: cryptocurrency, financial domination, non-domination, financial inclusion, informal finance
Submitted: 2025-12-20, Reviewed: 2026-04-14, Accepted: 2026-04-29, Published: 2026-04-30
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